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‘Update climate change risks list to avoid worst impacts’

25 February 2026

EDarth
The world currently lacks an authoritative and up-to-date assessment of climate change risks, say a group of experts writing in the journal Nature today.
The authors – led by the Met Office’s Rowan Sutton, who is a Professor at the University of Reading, and Professor Peter Stott – are calling for a global assessment of avoidable climate change risks to help governments and citizens understand the urgency of reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Without accelerated global action, the consequences of climate change impacts will be increasingly severe, affecting millions of people and potentially undermining global stability.  But despite the huge consequences of climate change and how wide-reaching the risks are, no internationally coordinated and mandated global risk analysis has been conducted.
Professor Rowan Sutton – one of two senior commentary authors and Director of the Met Office Hadley Centre – said: “Despite clear scientific evidence and repeated warnings, the world remains unprepared for the scale and complexity of these challenges.
“Humanity still has the opportunity to avoid the worst impacts of climate change and shape a more prosperous, liveable future. A global assessment of avoidable climate change risks would enable political leaders and citizens to fully understand what is at stake and motivate us all to seize that opportunity - while we still have it.”
Professor Tom Oliver, from the University of Reading and co-author of the Nature Comment article, said: "Climate risks are deeply interconnected and can trigger each other in ways that aren't always obvious. Extreme heat harms human health directly, but it also drives drought and crop failure, which can lead to food shortages and civil unrest. Heavy rainfall on land that has been degraded by drought can then cause flooding and landslides. Without understanding these chain reactions, we only see part of the picture. A global risk assessment is essential to reveal the true scale of what's at stake and motivate the action needed to avoid the worst outcomes."

Identifying the most unwanted risks 

Although a series of global scientific reports – such as those produced by the IPCC – have helped to demonstrate the most likely impacts of climate change, a global risk assessment would identify the risks that societies may most want to avoid.  The absence of a global risk assessment makes it difficult for governments, businesses, and communities to understand the full scale of the threat, prioritise resources, and plan effective responses.
The impacts of rising temperatures, extreme weather events, sea level rise, and shifting climate patterns are already being felt in every region. Looking to the future, climate risks threaten food and water security, health, infrastructure, and economic development.
To put this into perspective, policymakers might realise that sea level rise requires more spending on flood defences, but they may not be aware that parts of a large city, such as London or New York, may have to be abandoned. Equally, they may be aware that more people will die in heatwaves in a hotter climate yet be unprepared for mass casualties if tens of thousands of people in one region were to die in conditions exceeding the limits of human tolerance.
A thorough global risk assessment would provide an authoritative overview of the most significant climate risks, their potential impacts, and the likelihood of disastrous outcomes. Crucially, a risk assessment does not provide a counsel of despair. Instead, it provides a clear picture of the outcomes that societies can still choose to avoid. A global climate change risk assessment would support the development of timely measures for climate change mitigation and highlight the extent of human agency.  It would also help identify the most vulnerable regions and populations, guiding international support and adaptation efforts.
Rowan Sutton added: “Developing a comprehensive global climate risk assessment is not without its difficulties. The complexity of climate science, the diversity of regional impacts, the need for diverse expertise, and the rapidly evolving nature of the risks all present significant obstacles. In addition, political, economic, and data-sharing barriers have so far hindered the creation of a unified framework that can be updated regularly and accepted internationally.”
Professor Peter Stott – the paper’s other leading author - is a climate scientist at the Met Office and the University of Exeter. He said: “The world stands at a crossroads in the fight against climate change. Bridging the current gap in global risk assessment is an urgent priority. An internationally mandated transparent assessment of avoidable climate change risks is essential to make clear the scale of the risks and the opportunity we have to avoid the worst case scenarios  and safeguard our shared future. The time for this is now.”

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