Anna Horwood
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+44 (0) 118 378 5553
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Professor
Areas of interest
Anna Horwood researches ocular focusing (accommodation and convergence) in many different groups of participants: infants, typical adults and children, and hospital patients with eye movement disorders.
The unique Infant Vision Laboratory has produced new insights into how the eyes respond to images moving in depth – a process fundamental to maintaining binocular vision and preventing many common eye problems.
Funding from the Medical Research Council, the National Institute for Health Research and Fight for Sight has supported work which is helping clinical ophthalmologists, orthoptists, optometrists and vision scientists around the world to improve children's eyecare.
Teaching
Anna does not teach in Reading, but teaches clinical orthoptics to undergraduates at the universities of Sheffield and Liverpool. She has been External Examiner at both.Research centres and groups
- Child Development Group
- Perception and Action
Academic qualifications
- PhD (Reading)
- MSc (Reading)
- Teaching Diploma of the British Orthoptic Council.
Websites/blogs
Focus on Children's Vision research websitePublications
- Horwood, A. , Griffiths, H. , Carlton, J. , Mazzone, P. , Channa, A. , Nordmann, M. , Simonsz, H. (2020) Scope and costs of autorefraction and photoscreening for childhood amblyopia – a systematic narrative review in relation to the EUSCREEN project data. Eye ISSN: 0950-222X
- Bostamzad, P. , Horwood, A. , Schalij-Delfos, N. , Boelaert, K. , Koning, H. , Simonsz, H. (2020) Plusoptix photoscreener use for paediatric vision screening in Flanders and Iran. Acta Ophthalmologica , 98 (1). pp. 80-88. ISSN: 175-3768 | doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aos.14144
- Horwood, A. (2019) Clinical examination of ocular alignment and binocular vision in infants under six months of age. American Academy of Ophthalmology (Online article)
- Horwood, A. (2019) Typical and atypical development of ocular alignment and binocular vision in infants – the background. American Academy of Ophthalmology (Online article)
- Toor, S. , Horwood, A. , Riddell, P. (2019) The effect of asymmetrical accommodation on anisometropic amblyopia treatment outcomes. Journal of AAPOS , 23 (4). pp. 203.e1-203.e5. ISSN: 1091-8531 | doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaapos.2019.05.010
- Horwood, A. (2019) The 13th Bielschowsky lecture: accommodation and convergence – ratios, linkages, styles and mental somersaults. Advances in Strabismus. International Strabismological Associations pp. 10-19. ISBN: 9788409099085 (40th Meeting of the International Strabismological Association joint with Annual AAPOS Meeting, Washington DC USA, 19-22 March 2018)
- Horwood, A. (2018) Why do babies develop strabismus?. pp. 33-37.
- Horwood, A. (2018) Accommodation in intermittent exotropia. pp. 41-45. (Transactions of the 39th Meeting of the European Strabismological Association, Porto, Portugal, 2017 pp 41-45)
- Horwood, A. (2018) Accommodation and convergence – ratios, linkages, styles and mental somersaults. pp. e3.
- Horwood, A. (2018) What do we expect new graduate orthoptists to do?. British and Irish Orthoptic Journal , 14 (1). pp. 11-19. ISSN: 2516-3590 | doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.22599/bioj.108
- Toor, S. , Horwood, A. , Riddell, P. (2018) Asymmetrical accommodation in hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia. British Journal of Ophthalmology , 102 (6). pp. 772-778. ISSN: 0007-1161 | doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-310282
- Ludden, S. , Horwood, A. , Riddell, P. (2017) Children’s accommodation to a variety of targets – a pilot study. Strabismus , 25 (3). pp. 95-100. ISSN: 0927-3972 | doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09273972.2017.1349811
- Horwood, A. (2017) 2016 International Orthoptic Congress Burian Lecture: folklore or evidence?. Strabismus , 25 (3). pp. 120-127. ISSN: 0927-3972 | doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09273972.2017.1305425
- Horwood, A. (2016) Convergence accommodation in orthoptic practice. British & Irish Orthoptic Journal , 13 pp. 2-8. ISSN: 1743-9868 | doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.22599/bioj.95
- Brodsky, M. , Horwood, A. , Riddell, P. (2015) Intermittent exotropia: are we underminusing by not overminusing?. Journal of the American Association of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus , 15 (5). pp. 397-398. ISSN: 1091-8531 | doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaapos.2015.05.011
- Horwood, A. , Toor, S. , Riddell, P. (2015) Convergence and accommodation development is pre-programmed in premature infants. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science , 56 pp. 5370-5380. ISSN: 0146-0404 | doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.14-15358
- Horwood, A. and Riddell, P. (2014) Disparity-driven vs blur-driven models of accommodation and convergence in binocular vision and intermittent strabismus. Journal of the American Association of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus , 18 (6). pp. 576-583. ISSN: 1091-8531 | doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaapos.2014.08.009
- Horwood, A. , Toor, S. , Riddell, P. (2014) Screening for convergence insufficiency using the CISS is not indicated in young adults. British Journal of Ophthalmology , 98 (5). pp. 679-683. ISSN: 1468-2079 | doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2013-304533
- Horwood, A. , Toor, S. , Riddell, P. (2014) Change in convergence and accommodation after two weeks of eye exercises in typical young adults. Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus , 18 (2). pp. 162-168. ISSN: 1091-8531 | doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaapos.2013.11.008
- Horwood, A. and Toor, S. (2014) Clinical test responses to different orthoptic exercise regimes in typical young adults. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics , 34 (2). pp. 250-262. ISSN: 1475-1313 | doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/opo.12109
- Horwood, A. and Riddell, P. (2013) Developmental changes in the balance of disparity, blur and looming/proximity cues to drive ocular alignment and focus. Perception , 42 (7). pp. 693-715. ISSN: 1468-4233 | doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p7506
- Horwood, A. and Riddell, P. (2013) Accommodation and vergence response gains to different near cues characterize specific esotropias. Strabismus , 21 (3). pp. 155-164. ISSN: 1744-5132 | doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09273972.2013.811601
- Horwood, A. , Riddell, P. , Toor, S. (2012) Convergence accommodation trumps accommodative convergence. pp. 137-141.
- Horwood, A. and Riddell, P. (2012) Evidence that convergence rather than accommodation controls intermittent distance exotropia. Acta Ophthalmologica , 90 (2). pp. e109-e117. ISSN: 175-3768 | doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-3768.2011.02313.x
- Horwood, A. and Riddell, P. (2012) Decreased accommodation during decompensation of distance exotropia. British Journal of Ophthalmology , 96 (4). pp. 508-513. ISSN: 0007-1161 | doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2011-300138
- Horwood, A. and Riddell, P. (2011) Hypo-accommodation responses in hypermetropic infants and children. British Journal of Ophthalmology , 97 (2). pp. 231-237. ISSN: 0007-1161 | doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjo.2009.177378
- Horwood, A. and Riddell, P. (2010) Independent and reciprocal accommodation in anisometropic amblyopia. Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus , 14 (5). pp. 447-449. ISSN: 1091-8531 | doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaapos.2010.07.003
- Horwood, A. and Riddell, P. (2010) Differences between naïve and expert observers’ vergence and accommodative responses to a range of targets. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics , 30 (2). pp. 152-159. ISSN: 1475-1313 | doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-1313.2009.00706.x
- Horwood, . and Riddell, . (2009) A novel experimental method for measuring vergence and accommodation responses to the main near visual cues in typical and atypical groups. Strabismus , 17 (1). pp. 9-15. ISSN: 0927-3972 | doi: 0.1080/09273970802678602
- Horwood, A. and Riddell, P. (2009) Receding and disparity cues aid relaxation of accommodation. Optometry and Vision Science , 86 (11). pp. 1276-1286. ISSN: 1040-5488 | doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/OPX.0b013e3181bb41de
- Horwood, A. and Riddell, P. (2008) The use of cues to convergence and accommodation in naive, uninstructed participants. Vision Research , 48 (15). pp. 1613-1624. ISSN: 0042-6989 | doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2008.04.023
- Horwood, . and Riddell, . (2008) Gender differences in early accommodation and vergence development. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics , 28 (2). pp. 115-126. ISSN: 0275-5408 | doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-1313.2008.00547.x
- Horwood, . and Riddell, . (2004) The development of convergence and accommodation. British and Irish Orthoptic Journal , 1 pp. 1-7. ISSN: 0068-2314
- Horwood, . and Riddell, . (2004) Can misalignments in typical infants be used as a model for infantile esotropia?. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science , 45 (2). pp. 714-720. ISSN: 0146-0404 | doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.03-0454