Release Date 22 May 2017

New research shows how reducing carbon emissions can prevent billions of people from being exposed to unheard of changes in climate in the coming decades.

The study, published today in the journal Nature Climate Change, emphasises the human dimension of how unusual a warmer climate would appear to people living in different regions.

The research identifies a new climate as ‘unfamiliar’ if a year that is now normal would only have occurred once in an individual’s lifetime, or as ‘unknown’ if it would have occurred once every few hundred years or more, on average.

The paper is a collaboration between the University of Reading (UK), the University of East Anglia (UK) and Victoria University of Wellington (New Zealand).

"Keeping climate within some bounds of familiarity mean that people can adapt more easily to whatever change does arrive” - Dr Ed Hawkins, University of Reading

“Overall, we found new climates emerge faster in inhabited areas, especially in the tropics, than in the world as a whole,” said lead author Prof Dave Frame from Victoria University of Wellington.

“People living in tropical regions, such as the South East Asian nations and the Pacific Islands, are almost certain to experience ‘unfamiliar’ or even ‘unknown’ climates by the end of this century if climate change is not slowed down. The situation is almost as stark for many tropical African countries too.”

The emerging effects of climate change in the coming decades can be dramatically reduced with mitigation efforts, said co-author Dr Manoj Joshi of the University of East Anglia (UEA).

'We can reap the benefits of slowing climate change'

“Unknown climates might be expected before 2050 in many tropical areas, and before the end of the century in mid-latitude areas," she said.

“However, many people alive today could reap the benefits of slowing or stopping climate change. Projections of twenty-first century climate made with significantly reduced carbon emissions show that tropical climates, especially those areas with very high populations, can avoid such emergence, staying far more ‘familiar’ to the people who live there.”

Avoiding the emergence of unfamiliar or unknown climates helps societies to better adapt to climate change, adds co-author Dr Ed Hawkins from the University of Reading.

“Some amount of warming is inevitable. However, keeping climate within some bounds of familiarity mean that people can adapt more easily to whatever change does arrive.”

Prof Frame says reducing emissions now does a huge amount to keep climates more familiar than they would otherwise become. “Many of the beneficiaries of climate change mitigation include today’s young adults, people already working, paying taxes and, where institutions permit, voting. As this becomes understood, it has the potential to be a powerful motivating factor.”

The paper, ‘Population-based emergence of unfamiliar climates’ will be published in the journal Nature Climate Change.