Staff Profile:Professor Anne Verhoef

Name:

Professor Anne Verhoef

Job Title:

Professor of Soil Physics and Micrometeorology

Responsibilities:

• Postgraduate teaching: Pollutant Behaviour in the Environment, GVMPBE.
• PhD supervision
• Research project management

Areas of Interest:

Anne's major interest is the exchange of heat, water vapour, CO2 and momentum between soil, vegetation and atmosphere; soil physical processes, including the flows of water, heat and gases.  In most of her projects, detailed micrometeorological, soil physical, plant physiological and remote sensing data are combined with land surface models and/or soil models.  Currently, specific research interests comprise:

• Detailed terrestrial ecosystem modelling with a focus on seasonally dry tropical forests (e.g. Caatinga, NE Brazil: NORDESTE project);
• Modelling the efficacy of Natural Flood Management using land-based measures (e.g. tillage, crop choice): LANDWISE project https://landwise-nfm.org/
• Building understanding of climate variability into planning of groundwater supplies from low storage aquifers in Africa: BRAVE project https://braveupgro.org
• Improving land surface model descriptions of the control of soil water stress on canopy exchange processes (IMPETUS project)
• The role of soil hydraulic and thermal properties in Land Surface models http://www.gewex.org/panels/global-landatmosphere-system-study-panel/glass-projects/gewex-soilwat-initiative/

Examples of previous projects/interests

• PASQUAL project: "Monitoring and prediction of pasture quality and productivity from satellites" . Funded by Innovate-UK "Satellites and Agri-Food)" programme. Business lead: Rezatec
• The effect of the hydrothermal and nutrient regime on the vegetation functioning of a floodplain meadow (Floodplain Underground SEnsors - FUSE)
• The interaction between the environment and horizontal ground source heat pumps (GROMIT project)

Anne welcomes enquiries from potential PhD students in the study of the following topics: Soil physics, land surface processes, hydrometeorology, micrometeorology, remote sensing.

Research groups / Centres:

• Environmental Science Research Division
• Soil Research Centre
• Walker Institute
• Land Surface Processes Cluster

Key Facts:

 

Anne completed a combined BSc/MSc in Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (1990; MSc Thesis in Soil Physics, Micrometeorology and Hydrology) and a PhD (1995) in Micrometeorology at Wageningen University (The Netherlands). She then held an EC-funded Post-Doctoral position at the Institute of Hydrology (Wallingford, UK, now CEH-Wallingford), working on physiologically- based models of vegetation dynamics for improved description of land surface-atmosphere interactions in climate models. She joined the Department as a Lecturer in Environmental Physics in 1999. She has over 25 years of experience with land surface modelling (eg JULES and SCOPE model), as well as with soil physical, hydrometeorological and plant-physiological measurement methods. Experimental field-sites included a rainfed vineyard in Central Spain (EFEDA), a savannah in Niger (HAPEX-Sahel), an olive grove in Southern Spain, Caatinga forest in NE Brazil, and agricultural fields (Sonning campaign, GROMIT project, PASQUAL, LANDWISE) and a floodplain meadow (FUSE Project) in the UK. Her research is predominantly funded by NERC (and more recently Innovate-UK). Over the years, she has built up a large portfolio of research grants mostly relating to applied and theoretical Environmental Science, broadly in the context of water-, food- and energy security, and related impacts of weather extremes (flooding, droughts).

She currently co-leads the UoR Land Surface Processes Research cluster. She co-leads the Hydrology science module for the UKMO JULES land surface model- since 2015, is an executive board member of the International Soil Modelling Consortium https://soil-modeling.org - since 2017 and a member of the GEWEX GLASS panel http://www.gewex.org/panels/global-landatmosphere-system-study-panel/glass-panel/ where she co-leads the GEWEX Soil and Water (SoilWat) initiative https://www.gewex.org/panels/global-landatmosphere-system-study-panel/glass-projects/gewex-soilwat-initiative/ - since 2018. She was an Associate Editor (2018- 2019) for the Elsevier journal "Agriculture and Forest Meteorology" and is currently Associate Editor (2016-) for the SSSA Vadose Zone journal https://dl.sciencesocieties.org/publications/vzj

Publications:

Y

Jump to: 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004

Number of items: 50.

2020

• Yapiyev, V., Skrzypek, G., Verhoef, A., Macdonald, D. and Sagintayev, Z. (2020) Between boreal Siberia and arid Central Asia - stable isotope hydrology and water budget of Burabay National Nature Park ecotone (Northern Kazakhstan). Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 27. 100644. ISSN 2214-5818 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2019.100644
• Sabot, M. E. B., De Kauwe, M. G., Pitman, A. J., Medlyn, B. E., Verhoef, A., Ukkola, A. M. and Abramowitz, G. (2020) Plant profit maximisation improves predictions of European forest responses to drought. New Phytologist. ISSN 1469-8137 doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.16376

2019

• Cornforth, R. J., Macdonald, D. M. J., Osbahr, H., Ciampi, L., Myers, J., Verhoef, A., Black, E. C., Ascott, M., Cook, P., Davis, H., Clark, H., Talens, C., Gahi, N., Haruna, S. and Petty, E.C., (2019) Possible futures for groundwater in Burkina Faso under a changing climate. Report. Zenodo doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3533108
• Yapiyev, V., Samarkhanov, K., Tulegenova, N., Jumassultanova, S., Verhoef, A., Saidaliyeva, Z., Umirov, N., Sagintayev, Z. and Namazbayeva, A. (2019) Estimation of water storage changes in small endorheic lakes in Northern Kazakhstan. Journal of Arid Environments, 160. pp. 42-55. ISSN 0140-1963 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2018.09.008
• Vereecken, H., Weihermuller, L., Assouline, S., Šimůnek, J., Verhoef, A., Herbst, M., Archer, N. A. L., Mohanty, B., Montzka, C., Vanderborght, J., Balsamo, G., Bechtold, M., Boone, A., Chadburn, S., Cunz, M., Decharme, B., Ducharne, A., Ek, M., Garrigues, S., Goergen, K., Joachim, I., Kollet, S., Lawrence, D., Li, Q., Or, D., Swenson, S., de Vrese, P., Walko, R., Wu, Y. and Xue, Y. (2019) Infiltration from the pedon to global grid scales: an overview and outlook for land surface modelling. Vadose Zone Journal, 18 (1). pp. 1-53. ISSN 1539-1663 doi: https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2018.10.0191

2018

• Bell, M. C., Ritson, J. P., Verhoef, A., Brazier, R. E., Templeton, M. R., Graham, N. J. D., Freeman, C. and Clark, J. M. (2018) Sensitivity of peatland litter decomposition to changes in temperature and rainfall. Geoderma, 331. pp. 29-37. ISSN 0016-7061 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.06.002
• Punalekar, S. M., Verhoef, A., Quaife, T. L., Humphries, D., Bermingham, L. and Reynolds, C. K. (2018) Application of Sentinel-2A data for pasture biomass monitoring using a physically based radiative transfer model. Remote Sensing of Environment, 218. pp. 207-220. ISSN 0034-4257 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2018.09.028
• Largeron, C., Cloke, H. L., Verhoef, A., Martinez-de la Torre, A. and Mueller, A., (2018) Impact of the representation of the infiltration on the river flow during intense rainfall events in JULES. ECMWF Technical Memoranda. 821. Technical Report. ECMWF, Reading, U.K..
• Richter, D. D., Billings, S. A., Groffman, P. M., Kelly, E. F., Lohse, K. A., McDowell, W. H., White, T. S., Anderson, S., Baldocchi, D. D., Banwart, S., Brantley, S., Braun, J. J., Brecheisen, Z. S., Cook, C. W., Hartnett, H. E., Hobbie, S. E., Gaillardet, J., Jobbagy, E., Jungkunst, H. F., Kazanski, C. E., Krishnaswamy, J., Markewitz, D., O'Neill, K., Riebe, C. S., Schroeder, P., Siebe, C., Silver, W. L., Thompson, A., Verhoef, A. and Zhang, G. (2018) Ideas and perspectives: strengthening the biogeosciences in environmental research networks. Biogeosciences, 15 (15). pp. 4815-4832. ISSN 1726-4170 doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4815-2018
• Peters, W., Van der Velde, I., Van Schaik, E., Miller, J., Ciais, P., Duarte, H., van der Laan-Luijkx, I., Van der Molen, M., Scholze, M., Schaefer, K., Vidale, P. L., Verhoef, A., Warlind, D., Zhu, D., Tans, P., Vaughn, B. and White, J. (2018) Increased water-use efficiency and reduced CO2 uptake by plants during droughts at a continental-scale. Nature Geoscience, 11. pp. 744-748. ISSN 1752-0894 doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-018-0212-7

2017

• Van Looy, K., Bouma, J., Herbst, M., Koestel, J., Minasny, B., Mishra, U., Montzka, C., Nemes, A., Pachepsky, Y., Padarian, J., Schaap, M., Tóth, B., Verhoef, A., Vanderborght, J., van der Ploeg, M., Weihermüller, L., Zacharias, S., Zhang, Y. and Vereecken, H. (2017) Pedotransfer functions in Earth system science: challenges and perspectives. Reviews of Geophysics, 55 (4). pp. 1199-1256. ISSN 1944-9208 doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/2017rg000581
• Yapiyev, V., Sagintayev, Z., Inglezakis, V. J., Samarkhanov, K. and Verhoef, A. (2017) Essentials of endorheic basins and lakes: a review in the context of current and future water resource management and mitigation activities in Central Asia. Water, 9 (10). 798. ISSN 2073-4441 doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/w9100798
• Yapiyev, V., Sagintayev, Z., Verhoef, A., Kassymbekova, A., Baigaliyeva, M., Zhumabayev, D., Malgazhdar, D., Abudanash, D., Ongdas, N. and Jumassultanova, S. (2017) The changing water cycle: Burabay National Nature Park, Northern Kazakhstan. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Water, 4 (5). e1227. ISSN 2049-1948 doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1227
• Montzka, C., Herbst, M., Weihermüller, L., Verhoef, A. and Vereecken, H. (2017) A global data set of soil hydraulic properties and sub-grid variability of soil water retention and hydraulic conductivity curves. Earth System Science Data, 9 (2). pp. 529-543. ISSN 1866-3516 doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-529-2017
• Vaz Monteiro, M., Blanusa, T., Verhoef, A., Richardson, M., Hadley, P. and Cameron, R. W. F. (2017) Functional green roofs: importance of plant choice in maximising summertime environmental cooling and substrate insulation potential. Energy and Buildings, 141. pp. 56-68. ISSN 0378-7788 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.02.011

2016

• Mueller, A., Dutra, E., Cloke, H., Verhoef, A., Balsamo, G. and Pappenberger, F., (2016) Water infiltration and redistribution in Land Surface Models. Technical Memorandum. 791. Technical Report. ECMWF, Reading, UK.
• Vaz Monteiro, M., Blanusa, T., Verhoef, A., Hadley, P. and Cameron, R. W. F. (2016) Relative importance of transpiration rate and leaf morphological traits for the regulation of leaf temperature. Australian Journal of Botany, 64 (1). pp. 32-44. ISSN 0067-1924 doi: https://doi.org/10.1071/BT15198
• Villada, A., Vanguelova, E. I., Verhoef, A. and Shaw, L. (2016) Effect of air-drying pre-treatment on the characterization of forest soil carbon pools. Geoderma, 265. pp. 53-61. ISSN 0016-7061 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.11.003
• Bense, V. F., Read, T. and Verhoef, A. (2016) Using Distributed Temperature Sensing to monitor field scale dynamics of ground surface temperature and related substrate heat flux. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 220. pp. 207-215. ISSN 0168-1923 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2016.01.138
• Punalekar, S., Verhoef, A., Tatarenko, I. V., van der Tol, C., Macdonald, D. M. J., Marchant, B., Gerard, F., White, K. and Gowing, D. (2016) Characterization of a highly biodiverse floodplain meadow using hyperspectral remote sensing within a plant functional trait framework. Remote Sensing, 8 (2). 112. ISSN 2072-4292 doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8020112
• Mohammed, A. M., Robinson, J. S., Midmore, D. and Verhoef, A. (2016) Carbon storage in Ghanaian cocoa ecosystems. Carbon Balance and Management, 11. 6. ISSN 1750-0680 doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13021-016-0045-x

2015

• Mohammed, A. M., Robinson, J. S., Midmore, D. and Verhoef, A. (2015) Biomass stocks in Ghanaian cocoa ecosystems: the effects of region, management and stand age of cocoa trees. European Journal of Agriculture and Forestry Research, 3 (2). pp. 22-43. ISSN 2054-6327

2014

• Ritson, J. P., Bell, M., Graham, N. J.D., Templeton, M. R., Brazier, R. E., Verhoef, A., Freeman, C. and Clark, J. M. (2014) Simulated climate change impact on summer dissolved organic carbon release from peat and surface vegetation: implications for drinking water treatment. Water Research, 67. pp. 66-76. ISSN 0043-1354 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2014.09.015
• Verhoef, A. and Egea, G. (2014) Modeling plant transpiration under limited soil water: comparison of different plant and soil hydraulic parameterizations and preliminary implications for their use in land surface models. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 191. pp. 22-32. ISSN 0168-1923 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.02.009

2013

• Van Den Hoof, C., Vidale, P. L., Verhoef, A. and Vincke, C. (2013) Improved evaporative flux partitioning and carbon flux in the land surface model JULES: impact on the simulation of land surface processes in temperate Europe. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 181. pp. 108-124. ISSN 0168-1923 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.07.011
• Boon, A., Robinson, J.S., Nightingale, P.D., Cardenas, L., Chadwick, D.R. and Verhoef, A. (2013) Determination of the gas diffusion coefficient of a peat grassland soil. European Journal of Soil Science, 64 (5). pp. 681-687. ISSN 1351-0754 doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.12056
• Chong, C. S. A., Gan, G., Verhoef, A. and Gonzalez Garcia, R. G. (2013) Comparing the thermal performance of horizontal slinky-loop and vertical slinky-loop heat exchangers. International Journal of Low-Carbon Technology, 9 (4). pp. 250-255. ISSN 1748-1325 doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/ctt001
• Chong, C.S.A., Gan, G., Verhoef, A., Gonzalez Garcia, R. and Vidale, P. L. (2013) Simulation of thermal performance of horizontal slinky-loop heat exchangers for ground source heat pumps. Applied Energy, 104. pp. 603-610. ISSN 0306-2619 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.11.069

2012

• Evans, J. G., McNeil, D., Finch, J. W., Murray, T., Harding, R. J. and Verhoef, A. (2012) Determination of turbulent heat fluxes using a large aperture scintillometer over undulating mixed agricultural terrain. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 166-167. pp. 221-233. ISSN 0168-1923 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.07.010
• Garcia Gonzalez, R., Verhoef, A., Vidale, P. L., Main, B., Gan, G. and Wu, Y. (2012) Interactions between the physical soil environment and a horizontal ground coupled heat pump, for a domestic site in the UK. Renewable Energy, 44. pp. 141-153. ISSN 0960-1481 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2012.01.080
• Garcia Gonzalez, R., Verhoef, A., Vidale, P. L. and Braud, I. (2012) Incorporation of water vapour transfer in the JULES Land Surface Model: implications for key soil variables and land surface fluxes. Water Resources Research, 48 (5). W05538. ISSN 0043-1397 doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/2011WR011811
• Black, E., Vidale, P. L., Verhoef, A., Vianna Cuadra, S., Osborne, T. and Van Den Hoof, C. (2012) Cultivating C4 crops in a changing climate: sugarcane in Ghana. Environmental Research Letters, 7 (4). 044027. ISSN 1748-9326 doi: https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/7/4/044027
• Gokmen, M. D., Vekerdy, Z., Verhoef, A., Verhoef, W., Batelaan, O. and van der Tol, C. (2012) Integration of soil moisture in SEBS for improving evapotranspiration estimation under water stress conditions. Remote Sensing of Environment, 121. pp. 261-274. ISSN 0034-4257
• Verhoef, A., Ottle, C., Cappelaere, B., Murray, T., Saux-Picart, S., Zribi, M., Maignan, F., Boulain, N., Demarty, J. and Ramier, D. (2012) Spatio-temporal surface soil heat flux estimates from satellite data: results for the AMMA experiment at the Fakara (Niger) supersite. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 154-155. pp. 55-66. ISSN 0168-1923 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.08.003

2011

• Egea, G., Verhoef, A. and Vidale, P. L. (2011) Towards an improved and more flexible representation of water stress in coupled photosynthesis–stomatal conductance models. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 151 (10). pp. 1370-1384. ISSN 0168-1923 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.05.019
• Wu, Y., Gan, G., Garcia Gonzalez, R., Verhoef, A. and Vidale, P. L. (2011) Prediction of the thermal performance of horizontal-coupled ground source heat exchangers. International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies, 6 (4). pp. 261-269. ISSN 1748-1317 doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/ctr013

2010

• Wu, Y., Gan, G., Verhoef, A., Vidale, P. L. and Garcia Gonzalez, R. (2010) Experimental measurement and numerical simulation of horizontal-coupled slinky ground source heat exchangers. Applied Thermal Engineering, 30 (16). pp. 2574-2583. ISSN 1359-4311 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2010.07.008

2009

• van der Tol, C., Verhoef, W., Timmermans, J., Verhoef, A. and Su, Z. (2009) An integrated model of soil-canopy spectral radiances, photosynthesis, fluorescence, temperature and energy balance. Biogeosciences, 6 (12). pp. 3109-3129. ISSN 1726-4170 doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-3109-2009
• van der Tol, C., van der Tol, S., Verhoef, A., Su, B., Timmermans, J., Houldcroft, C. and Gieske, A. (2009) A Bayesian approach to estimate sensible and latent heat over vegetated land surface. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 13 (6). pp. 749-758. ISSN 1027-5606
• Dharssi, I., Vidale, P. L., Verhoef, A., Macpherson, B., Jones, C. and Best, M., (2009) New soil physical properties implemented in the Unified Model at PS18. Forecasting Research Technical Report . 528. Technical Report. UK Met Office, Exeter. pp33.

2008

• Chachar, Q. I., Solangi, A. G. and Verhoef, A. (2008) Influence of sodium chloride on seed germination and seedling root growth of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Pakistan Journal of Botany, 40 (1). pp. 183-197. ISSN 0556-3321

2007

• Fernandez-Galvez, J., Verhoef, A. and Barahona, E. (2007) Estimating soil water fluxes from soil water records obtained using dielectric sensors. Hydrological Processes, 21 (20). pp. 2785-2793. ISSN 0885-6087 doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6494
• Murray, T. and Verhoef, A. (2007) Moving towards a more mechanistic approach in the determination of soil heat flux from remote measurements - I. A universal approach to calculate thermal inertia. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 147 (1-2). pp. 80-87. ISSN 0168-1923 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.07.004
• Murray, T. and Verhoef, A. (2007) Moving towards a more mechanistic approach in the determination of soil heat flux from remote measurements - II. Diurnal shape of soil heat flux. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 147 (1-2). pp. 88-97. ISSN 0168-1923 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.06.009

2006

• Verhoef, A., Diaz-Espejo, A., Knight, J. R., Villagarcia, L. and Fernandez, J. E. (2006) Adsorption of water vapor by bare soil in an olive grove in southern Spain. Journal of Hydrometeorology, 7 (5). pp. 1011-1027. ISSN 1525-755X
• Verhoef, A., Fernandez-Galvez, J., Diaz-Espejo, A., Main, B. E. and El-Bishti, M. (2006) The diurnal course of soil moisture as measured by various dielectric sensors: Effects of soil temperature and the implications for evaporation estimates. Journal of Hydrology, 321 (1-4). pp. 147-162. ISSN 0022-1694 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.07.039

2005

• Diaz-Espejo, A. and Verhoef, A. (2005) Effect of heterogeneous soil moisture content on canopy gas exchange. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology a-Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 141 (3). S306-S307. ISSN 1095-6433
• Verhoef, A. and Campbell, C. L. (2005) Evaporation measurement. In: Anderson, M. G. (ed.) Encyclopedia of Hydrological Sciences. Wiley, Chichester, pp. 589-601.
• Diaz-Espejo, A., Verhoef, A. and Knight, R. (2005) Illustration of micro-scale advection using grid-pattern mini-lysimeters. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 129 (1-2). pp. 39-52. ISSN 0168-1923 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2004.12.001

2004

• Verhoef, A. (2004) Remote estimation of thermal inertia and soil heat flux for bare soil. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 123 (3-4). pp. 221-236. ISSN 0168-1923 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2003.11.005

This list was generated on Sun Mar 29 23:21:23 2020 UTC.

Earlier Publications

Verhoef A., Allen, S.J., (2000). A SVAT scheme describing energy and CO2 fluxes for multi-component vegetation: calibration and test for a Sahelian savannah. Ecological Modelling 127 245-267.

Wallace, J.S. and Verhoef, A. (2000). Interactions in mixed-plant communities: light, water and carbon dioxide. In: Leaf development and canopy growth. Editors: B. Marshall And J. Roberts. Sheffield Biological Science Series, Sheffield Academic Press, pp 204-250.

Verhoef A., Allen, S.J. and Lloyd, C.R. (1999). Seasonal variation of surface energy balance over two Sahelian surfaces. International Journal of Climatology 19 1267-1277.

Verhoef, A., and Allen, S.J. (1998). The relative importance of surface and aerodynamic resistances in a multi-source energy-CO2 model. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth 23 459-463.

Jacobs, A.F.G., and Verhoef, A. (1997). Soil evaporation from sparse natural vegetation estimated from Sherwood numbers. Journal of Hydrology 188-189 443-452.

Moncrieff, J.B. Monteny, B. Verhoef, A., Friborg, Th., Elbers, J., Kabat, P., de Bruin, H., Soegaard, H., Jarvis, P.G., and Taupin, J.D. (1997). Spatial and temporal variations in net carbon flux during HAPEX-Sahel. Journal of Hydrology 188-189 563-588.

Verhoef, A., De Bruin, H.A.R. and Van den Hurk, B.J.J.M. (1997). Some practical notes on the parameter kB-1 for sparse canopies. Journal of Applied Meteorology 36 560-572.

Verhoef, A., McNaughton, K.G., and Jacobs, A.F.G. (1997). A parameterization of momentum roughness length and displacement height for a wide range of canopy densities. Hydrology and Earth Systems Sciences 1 81-91.

Verhoef A. (1997). The effect of temperature differences between porometer head and leaf surface on stomatal conductance measurements. Plant, Cell & Environment 20 641-646.