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Unions and friendly societies: The establishment of trade unions helped groups of employees to negotiate jointly with their employer and to provide security for their members when needed.

National Farmers Union meeting
This photograph shows some of the founders of the National Farmers Union at an early meeting in Lincolnshire.

The first trade union to be successfully established at a national level was the Amalgamated Society of Engineers, in 1851. Over the years trade unions have played an active role in campaigning for improved wages, hours of work and industrial welfare. Friendly societies were formed in large numbers during the 18th and 19th centuries. All types of working people joined the societies, including tradesmen, craftsmen and labourers. Friendly societies became an important part of many people's lives. Their members made regular financial contributions, receiving in return social companionship and financial assistance in old age or if they fell on hard times.

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The Museum of English Rural Life, University of Reading, UK.
Email: merl@reading.ac.uk Telephone: 0118 378 8660